全文获取类型
收费全文 | 31806篇 |
免费 | 3531篇 |
国内免费 | 2117篇 |
学科分类
工业技术 | 37454篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 54篇 |
2023年 | 374篇 |
2022年 | 758篇 |
2021年 | 973篇 |
2020年 | 1079篇 |
2019年 | 846篇 |
2018年 | 775篇 |
2017年 | 1005篇 |
2016年 | 1166篇 |
2015年 | 1210篇 |
2014年 | 2118篇 |
2013年 | 1921篇 |
2012年 | 2561篇 |
2011年 | 2476篇 |
2010年 | 1901篇 |
2009年 | 1925篇 |
2008年 | 1814篇 |
2007年 | 2234篇 |
2006年 | 1999篇 |
2005年 | 1647篇 |
2004年 | 1396篇 |
2003年 | 1198篇 |
2002年 | 1018篇 |
2001年 | 879篇 |
2000年 | 793篇 |
1999年 | 613篇 |
1998年 | 431篇 |
1997年 | 372篇 |
1996年 | 353篇 |
1995年 | 297篇 |
1994年 | 241篇 |
1993年 | 156篇 |
1992年 | 157篇 |
1991年 | 146篇 |
1990年 | 122篇 |
1989年 | 100篇 |
1988年 | 78篇 |
1987年 | 39篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 19篇 |
1982年 | 24篇 |
1981年 | 23篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 25篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1963年 | 4篇 |
1959年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(84):35641-35654
The continuous catalytic regenerative (CCR) reforming process is one of the most significant sources of hydrogen production in the petroleum refining process. However, the fluctuations in feedstock composition and flow rate could significantly affect both product distribution and energy consumption. In this study, a robust deviation criterion based multi-objective optimization approach is proposed to perform the optimal operation of CCR reformer under feedstock uncertainty, with simultaneous maximization of product yields and minimization of energy consumption. Minimax approach is adopted to handle these uncertain objectives, and the Latin hypercube sampling method is then used to calculate these robust deviation criteria. Multi-objective surrogate-based optimization methods are next introduced to effectively solve the robust operational problem with high computational cost. The level diagram method is finally utilized to assist in multi-criteria decision-making. Two robust operational optimization problems with different objectives are solved to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for robust optimal operation of the CCR reforming process under feedstock uncertainty. 相似文献
2.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(2):1157-1171
Tracking control of oxygen excess ratio (OER) is crucial for dynamic performance and operating efficiency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). OER tracking errors and overshoots under dynamic load limit the PEMFC output power performance, and also could lead oxygen starvation which seriously affect the life of PEMFC. To solve this problem, an adaptive sliding mode observer based near-optimal OER tracking control approach is proposed in this paper. According to real time load demand, a dynamic OER optimization strategy is designed to obtain an optimal OER. A nonlinear system model based near-optimal controller is designed to minimize the OER tracking error under variable operation condition of PEMFC. An adaptive sliding mode observer is utilized to estimate the uncertain parameters of the PEMFC air supply system and update parameters in near-optimal controller. The proposed control approach is implemented in OER tracking experiments based on air supply system of a 5 kW PEMFC test platform. The experiment results are analyzed and demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control approach under load changes, external disturbances and parameter uncertainties of PEFMC system. 相似文献
3.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(75):32303-32314
Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is considered a key component of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). However, developing a new MEA to meet desired properties, such as operation under low-humidity conditions without a humidifier, is a time- and cost-consuming process. This study employs a machine-learning-based approach using K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and neural networks (NN) in the MEA development process by identifying a suitable catalyst layer (CL) recipe in MEA. Minimum redundancy maximum relevance and principal component analysis were implemented to specify the most important predictor and reduce the data dimension. The number of predictors was found to play an essential role in the accuracy of the KNN and NN models although the predictors have self-correlations. The KNN model with a K of 7 was found to minimize the model loss with a loss of 11.9%. The NN model constructed by three corresponding hidden layers with nine, eight, and nine nodes can achieve the lowest error of 0.1293 for the Pt catalyst and 0.031 for PVA as a good additive blending in the CL of the MEA. However, even if the error is low, the prediction of PVA seems to be inaccurate, regardless of the model structure. Therefore, the KNN model is more appropriate for CL recipe prediction. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
中国石化海南炼油化工有限公司0.2 Mt/a C5/C6烷烃异构化装置以连续重整装置的拔头油为原料,使用NNI-1催化剂,采用一次通过流程,不设脱异戊烷塔和稳定塔,经设在连续重整装置内的脱丁烷塔稳定处理后作为汽油调合组分。该装置于2006年9月开工投产,截至2015年3月已连续运行3个周期。长周期运行分析结果表明:前两个周期中NNI-1催化剂具有较高的异构化活性及选择性,C5异构化率为60%左右,C6异构化率为80%左右,C6选择性为15%左右,产品辛烷值基本达到技术指标要求(RON≥78);而在第三周期运行中,催化剂积炭增加等原因导致其异构化活性及选择性降低,异构化产品辛烷值提升能力呈现逐步衰减的趋势,提高反应苛刻度已不能弥补催化剂活性下降造成的产品辛烷值降低。为保证装置长周期运行,建议择机停工对催化剂进行再生,或是直接换用与装置原料性质匹配的异构化催化剂。 相似文献
7.
8.
为实现对干湿联合冷却塔冷却特性、节水特性的综合分析,编制干湿联合冷却塔校核计算流程,基于Visual Studio开发平台,本文开发了干湿联合冷却塔冷却节水特性分析优化软件。通过对某在运干湿联合冷却塔进行冷却节水特性计算,验证了所开发软件计算结果的准确性;在消雾节水计算结果基础上,对标干湿联合消雾冷却塔验收测试规程,生成其成雾频率曲线、耗水量曲线、塔雾指数、冷却特性曲线,综合分析其消雾特性、节水特性及冷却特性,从而确定了干湿联合冷却塔的最佳运行工况。同时运用所开发软件对比分析了某冷却塔设计干段散热面积对其消雾特性、节水特性及冷却特性的耦合影响,并分析了百叶窗开度对干湿联合冷却塔性能的影响,为干湿联合冷却塔的运行优化和设计优化提供了工具性软件支持。 相似文献
9.
基于质量守恒、能量守恒定律,建立了内热型超声雾化溶液再生系统(IH-UARS)的再生性能预测模型并进行了充分的实验验证,通过研究不同内热量下IH-UARS的再生性能及其变化规律,寻求系统所需的最佳内热量并明确其可能的影响因素。结果表明:IH-UARS系统存在最优的内热量范围,使其再生系统性能最佳;所需最优内热量随着再生溶液流量增大呈显著的对数增长,但受空气流量的影响较弱;在该研究中的标准工况下,IH-UARS所需最优内热量约为275~350 W。此外研究发现:内热量的增长有益于促进初始浓度较高的溶液进一步浓缩再生,如当IH-UARS中内热量增至800 W时,其初始浓度为36%的溶液比24%的溶液浓度增量指标改善幅度高37%。研究所得结果可对提高溶液再生性能及经济性提供积极参考。 相似文献
10.